![]() ![]() As recently as OS X 10.10 Yosemite, once you gave an app your root/administrator password, it was free to do anything it wanted, and macOS would not stand in its way.Īll of this changed with the release of macOS El Capitan in 2015. MacOS, being itself a UNIX operating system, also behaved this way for many years. If you've ever been told not to run programs as root unless absolutely necessary, this is why. There is basically nothing the OS will not allow a root user to do, whether it's rewriting system files, adding code to other processes, adding code to the kernel, you name it. Or from winbox just navigate to IP>Firewall and then click on the Service Ports tab and disable it through the GUI.On a traditional UNIX system-including many major platforms still in use today, such as Debian-any user or process with "root" privileges is considered to have absolute control over a machine. To disable, run this command from the terminal: ![]() Mikrotik SIP ALG is called a SIP Helper and is located under /IP>Firewall>Service ports Dissallows server side solutions: Even if you don't need a client side NAT solution (your SIP proxy gives you a server NAT solution), if your router has SIP ALG enabled that breaks SIP signalling, it will make communication with your proxy impossible.Writting incorrect port values greater than 65536 is also common in many of these routers. missed semi-colon " " in header parameters). Many SIP ALG routers corrupt the SIP message when writting into it (i.e. Some of them do a whole replacing by searching a private address in all SIP headers and body and replacing them with the router public mapped address (for example, replacing the private address if it appears in "Call-ID" header, which makes no sense at all). Breaking SIP signalling: Many of the actual common routers with inbuilt SIP ALG modify SIP headers and the SDP body incorrectly, breaking SIP and making communication just impossible.A SIP ALG router rewrites the REGISTER request so the proxy doesn't detect the NAT and doesn't mantain the keepalive (so incoming calls will be not possible). Many SIP proxies mantain the UDP keepalive by sending OPTIONS or NOTIFY messages to the UA, but they just do it when the UA has been detected as natted during the registration. Common routers just mantain the UDP "conntection" open for a while (30-60 seconds) so after that time the port forwarding is ended and incoming packets are discarded by the router. This REGISTER is modified by the ALG feature (if not the user wouldn't be reachable by the proxy since it indicated a private IP in REGISTER "Contact" header). Lack of incoming calls: When a UA is switched on it sends a REGISTER to the proxy in order to be localizable and receive incoming calls.The main problem is the poor implementation at SIP protocol level of most commercial routers and the fact that this technology is just useful for outgoing calls, but not for incoming calls: A NAT router with a built-in SIP ALG can re-write information within the SIP messages (SIP headers and SDP body) making signaling and audio traffic between the client behind NAT and the SIP endpoint possible. If the SIP proxy doesn't provide a server side NAT solution, then an ALG solution could have a place.Īn ALG understands the protocol used by the specific applications that it supports (in this case SIP) and does a protocol packet-inspection of traffic through it. In some scenarios some client side solutions are not valid, for example STUN with symmetrical NAT router. ALG works typically in the client LAN router or gateway. There are various solutions for SIP clients behind NAT, some of them in client side (STUN, TURN, ICE), others in server side (Proxy RTP as RtpProxy,MediaProxy). While ALG could help in solving NAT related problems, the fact is that many routers' ALG implementations are wrong and break SIP. Many of today's commercial routers implement SIP ALG (Application-level gateway), coming with this feature enabled by default. Posted by, Last modified by Albert Diaz on 04:03 PM
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